WASHINGTON — About a month after starting up an ammonia-based refrigeration system in an Albertsons store in Carpinteria, Calif. — one of the first such systems in the U.S. — Supervalu is finding that the system is “operating like a champ,” said Richard Heath, senior manager, technology integration for Supervalu, Albertsons, parent.
“For anyone who’s concerned about ammonia, many of the hurdles we were afraid of turned out not to be hurdles at all,” Heath said last week during a panel discussion at ATMOsphere America 2012, a conference on the business case for natural refrigerants held here at the Liaison Capitol Hill Hotel; it was sponsored by Shecco, a Belgium-based B2B marketing firm.
Joining Heath in the panel discussion of natural refrigerants were: Harrison Horning, director of energy and facility services for Delhaize America; Kathy Loftus, global leader of sustainable engineering and energy management for Whole Foods Market; Simon Berube, senior director of engineering and commercial development for Sobeys, Quebec; and Tom Hutchison, chief executive officer, EnReps. The panel was moderated by Keilly Witman, manager of the Environmental Protection Agency’s GreenChill program.
Natural refrigerants, such as ammonia, carbon dioxide (CO2), propane and other gases, have a negligible or zero impact on global warming as well as no effect on the ozone layer. As a result, they are being considered by food retailers worldwide as a replacement for both R-22, the primary refrigerant used by food retailers that is being phased out due to its harmful effect on the ozone layer, and HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerants, which have a high global warming potential.
Retailers, Contractors Debate Alternate Refrigeration Systems
In addition to circumventing environmental impacts and potential future regulation of HFCs, natural refrigerant-based systems are also seen as being potentially more energy efficient than conventional systems. But their overall cost compared to convention systems varies; Heath noted that “the majority of the new [systems] are not cheaper.”
To date, the use of natural refrigerants by U.S. food retailers has been limited, with just a handful of CO2-based secondary and cascade systems being deployed. In Canada, Sobeys has pioneered the use of transcritical systems that employ only CO2 in more than 20 stores; in this country Hannaford Bros. plans to run a CO2 transcritical system in Maine next year, Fresh & Easy Neighborhood Market is looking into testing a transcritical system in 2012, and Whole Foods Market has a transcritical system under design. Fresh & Easy is also planning to deploy an ammonia-based system, and is already operating some stand-alone coffin cases cooled by propane.
The Carpinteria Albertsons store is a remodeled unit that doubled in size to 40,000 square feet. The store had used R-22 refrigerant in a conventional direct expansion (DX) refrigeration system, which was replaced with one that uses ammonia as the primary refrigerant in concert with CO2 for medium-temperature cases, and a combined cascade and DX system for low-temperature cases, said Heath.
Supervalu is a member of the Consumer Goods Forum, the Paris-based group that comprises 400 CPG global manufacturers and retailers, which in 2010 agreed to begin phasing out refrigerants as of 2015 and replace them with non-HFC refrigerants. In making the business case for the ammonia system, Supervalu’s membership in the Consumer Goods Forum “makes the business case for you,” said Heath. Beyond that, he said that deploying an alternative system is initially about “proving you can do it” and then making the economics work as the volume of installations and the competition among vendors grow.
Heath also pointed out the importance of choosing the right community in which to test an environmentally advantageous refrigeration system. The Carpinteria store, for example, is near Santa Barbara, a hotbed of environmentalism.